نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه ادبیات فارسی مجتمع زبان و فرهنگ شناسی المصطفی
2 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه اراک
3 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبانهای خارجی دانشگاه قم.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Islamic culture places significant emphasis on reflection upon the non-material aspects of human existence. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HP) and Amir al-Mu’minin (PBUH) have both identified self-knowledge as the key to knowing God. Consequently, the concept of the soul has been explored from various perspectives across different disciplines, with particular prominence in the fields of mysticism and Sufism. Najm al-Din Kubra and 'Izz al-Din Kashani are among the scholars who, in their writings, have examined and elucidated the soul from a mystical standpoint.
This study, employing analytical, descriptive, and comparative methods, aims to explore the definitions of the soul according to these two thinkers. The research concludes that while Kubra and Kashani generally agree on the nature and stages of the soul, they differ in some specific details, particularly concerning the relationship between the soul and morality, as well as its connection with the heart and spirit. For instance, Razi holds that the heart and soul emerge when the spirit becomes attached to the body, whereas Kashani views the heart as the product of the union and marriage between the spirit and the soul. Additionally, Razi mentions four types of souls—ammara (the commanding soul), lawwama (the reproachful soul), mulhama (the inspired soul), and mutma'inna (the tranquil soul)—while Kashani's classification does not include the inspired soul (mulhama).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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